What is VDE-AR-N 4110 and why do you need it?
If you are a customer or a generator operator who wants to connect your installation to the medium voltage grid in Germany, you need to comply with a set of technical rules that ensure the safe and reliable operation of the grid. These rules are defined by VDE, the Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies, in collaboration with network operators, plant operators, manufacturers, authorities, and other stakeholders. One of these rules is VDE-AR-N 4110, which specifies the technical connection rules for medium-voltage.
In this article, we will explain what VDE-AR-N 4110 is, what are its key requirements, how to comply with it for power generating plants, and how to download it as a PDF document. By reading this article, you will learn everything you need to know about VDE-AR-N 4110 and how it affects your installation.
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VDE-AR-N 4110: Technical Connection Rules for Medium-Voltage
VDE-AR-N 4110 is an application rule that specifies the technical connection rules (TCR) for planning, erection, operation, and modification of customer installations that are connected at the grid connection point to the medium voltage grid of a network operator. Customer installations include reference and power generating plants, storages, and combined facilities of generation/demand/storage.
VDE-AR-N 4110 was published in October 2018 as part of the VDE FNN activities to prepare the system toward increasing feed-in of renewable energy in line with energy transition. It replaces, among others, the guidelines "Power Generation Plants at the Medium Voltage Grid" as well as the "Technical Connection Conditions for Medium-High Voltage" of 2008.
VDE-AR-N 4110 develops for the first time requirements of the European Network Code "Requirements for Generators" (RfG) for Germany entered into force in 2016. The RfG describes the grid connection requirements for generators at all voltage levels The main objectives of VDE-AR-N 4110 are to ensure the security and reliability of the medium voltage grid, to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources, to harmonize the technical requirements across Germany, and to comply with the European standards and regulations.
Some of the benefits of VDE-AR-N 4110 are that it provides a clear and transparent framework for customer installations, it enables a more efficient use of the grid capacity, it supports the grid stability and resilience, and it fosters the innovation and competitiveness of the energy sector.
Key requirements of VDE-AR-N 4110 for customer installations
VDE-AR-N 4110 defines a number of technical requirements for customer installations that are connected to the medium voltage grid. These requirements cover aspects such as fault ride-through capability, reactive power provision, protection systems and settings, power quality, communication and data exchange, metering and monitoring, documentation and testing, and others.
In this section, we will briefly describe some of the most important requirements of VDE-AR-N 4110 for customer installations. For a complete and detailed description of all the requirements, please refer to the official document of VDE-AR-N 4110.
Fault ride-through capability
Fault ride-through capability is the ability of a customer installation to remain connected to the grid and to support the grid recovery in case of a fault or disturbance. Faults can be caused by various events such as lightning strikes, short circuits, equipment failures, or switching operations. Faults can result in voltage dips or swells, frequency deviations, or phase shifts in the grid.
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VDE-AR-N 4110 requires that customer installations must not disconnect from the grid during or after a fault, unless instructed by the network operator or for safety reasons. Customer installations must also provide dynamic grid support by injecting or absorbing active and reactive power according to predefined curves and parameters. The fault ride-through capability depends on the type and severity of the fault, as well as on the type and size of the customer installation.
Reactive power provision
Reactive power provision is the ability of a customer installation to generate or consume reactive power in order to regulate the voltage at the grid connection point. Reactive power is a component of the electric power that does not perform any useful work but is needed to maintain the voltage level and the power factor in the grid. Reactive power can be positive (capacitive) or negative (inductive).
VDE-AR-N 4110 requires that customer installations must provide reactive power according to predefined curves and parameters. The reactive power provision depends on the voltage level at the grid connection point, as well as on the type and size of the customer installation. Customer installations must also be able to switch between different modes of reactive power provision (such as constant power factor, constant reactive power, or voltage control) upon request by the network operator.
Protection systems and settings
Protection systems and settings are the devices and parameters that protect a customer installation and the grid from damages or hazards caused by faults or disturbances. Protection systems include relays, circuit breakers, fuses, switches, isolators, and others. Protection settings include thresholds, delays, curves, and others.
VDE-AR-N 4110 requires that customer installations must have adequate protection systems and settings that ensure the selective disconnection of faulty components or sections without affecting the rest of the installation or the grid. Customer installations must also coordinate their protection systems and settings with those of the network operator and other customers connected to the same grid. The protection systems and settings depend on the characteristics and configuration of the customer installation and the grid. How to comply with VDE-AR-N 4110 for power generating plants
If you are a generator operator who wants to connect your power generating plant to the medium voltage grid in Germany, you need to comply with VDE-AR-N 4110 and obtain a certification that proves your compliance. A power generating plant is a facility that produces electrical energy from renewable or conventional sources, such as wind, solar, hydro, biomass, gas, coal, or nuclear.
In this section, we will explain how to comply with VDE-AR-N 4110 for power generating plants and what are the certification options available. For a complete and detailed description of the compliance process and the certification options, please refer to the official document of VDE-AR-N 4110.
Type A, B, C, and D power generating modules
VDE-AR-N 4110 classifies power generating modules into four types: A, B, C, and D. A power generating module is a single unit or a group of units that can be operated independently and that are connected to the grid at a single grid connection point. The type of a power generating module depends on its rated capacity and its impact on the grid.
The table below summarizes the main characteristics and requirements of each type of power generating module:
Type Rated capacity Impact on the grid Certification option --- --- --- --- A Up to 135 kVA Low Self-declaration or unit certificate B Up to 1.5 MVA Medium Unit certificate or type certificate C Up to 10 MVA High Type certificate or project certificate D Above 10 MVA Very high Project certificate A self-declaration is a document issued by the generator operator that declares the compliance of the power generating module with VDE-AR-N 4110 based on the manufacturer's specifications and tests. A unit certificate is a document issued by an accredited certification body that verifies the compliance of the power generating module with VDE-AR-N 4110 based on the manufacturer's specifications and tests. A type certificate is a document issued by an accredited certification body that verifies the compliance of a series of identical power generating modules with VDE-AR-N 4110 based on the manufacturer's specifications and tests. A project certificate is a document issued by an accredited certification body that verifies the compliance of a specific power generating plant with VDE-AR-N 4110 based on the plant design and simulations.
Dynamic grid support
Dynamic grid support is the ability of a power generating plant to provide active and reactive power support to the grid in case of faults or disturbances. Dynamic grid support helps to maintain the grid stability and resilience and to prevent cascading failures or blackouts.
VDE-AR-N 4110 requires that power generating plants must provide dynamic grid support according to predefined curves and parameters. The dynamic grid support depends on the type and severity of the fault or disturbance, as well as on the type and size of the power generating plant.
VDE-AR-N 4110 distinguishes between two types of dynamic grid support: comprehensive and restricted. Comprehensive dynamic grid support applies to type C and D power generating modules and requires them to provide active and reactive power support for all types of faults and disturbances. Restricted dynamic grid support applies to type A and B power generating modules and requires them to provide active and reactive power support only for symmetrical faults.
Grid code compliance studies and simulations
Grid code compliance studies and simulations are the analyses and tests that are needed to verify the performance of a power generating plant under different grid conditions and scenarios. Grid code compliance studies and simulations help to ensure that a power generating plant meets the technical requirements of VDE-AR-N 4110 and does not cause any adverse effects on the grid or other customers.
VDE-AR-N 4110 requires that generator operators must conduct grid code compliance studies and simulations as part of the certification process for their power generating plants. The scope and depth of the grid code compliance studies and simulations depend on the type and size of the power generating plant, as well as on the characteristics and configuration of the grid.
Some of the main topics that are covered by grid code compliance studies and simulations are:
Fault ride-through capability
Reactive power provision
Protection systems and settings
Power quality
Harmonics
Flicker
Frequency response
Voltage control
Islanding detection
Grid integration
Grid stability
How to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document
If you want to download VDE-AR-N 4110 as a PDF document, you can do so from the official website of VDE. VDE-AR-N 4110 is available for purchase as a digital or printed version, or as a combination of both. The price of the document depends on the format and the number of copies you order.
In this section, we will guide you through the steps on how to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document from the VDE website. For a complete and detailed description of the download process and the payment options, please refer to the official website of VDE.
Registration and login
The first step to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document is to register and login to the VDE website. To register, you need to provide your personal and professional information, such as your name, email, address, company, and sector. You also need to create a password and accept the terms and conditions of VDE. To login, you need to enter your email and password.
Registration and login are necessary to access the online shop of VDE, where you can browse, search, and order the documents you need. Registration and login are also necessary to access your personal account, where you can manage your orders, invoices, downloads, subscriptions, and preferences.
Search and selection
The second step to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document is to search and select it from the online shop of VDE. To search for VDE-AR-N 4110, you can use the search bar or the filters on the left side of the page. You can filter by document type, language, topic, or keyword. To select VDE-AR-N 4110, you need to click on its title or image.
Once you select VDE-AR-N 4110, you will see its details page, where you can find more information about its content, scope, objectives, benefits, requirements, compliance process, certification options, and others. You will also see the available formats and prices of the document. To proceed with your order, you need to choose the format and quantity you want and click on the "Add to cart" button.
Payment and download
The third step to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document is to pay and download it from your personal account. To pay for your order, you need to go to your shopping cart and click on the "Checkout" button. You will then be asked to enter your billing and delivery information, as well as your payment method. You can pay by credit card, PayPal, or bank transfer.
Once you complete your payment, you will receive a confirmation email with a link to download your document. You can also access your document from your personal account by clicking on the "Downloads" section. You will be able to download your document as a PDF file that you can save on your device or print as you wish.
Conclusion
VDE-AR-N 4110 is an application rule that specifies the technical connection rules for medium-voltage in Germany. It applies to customer installations that are connected at the grid connection point to the medium voltage grid of a network operator. Customer installations include reference and power generating plants, storages, and combined facilities of generation/demand/storage.
VDE-AR-N 4110 defines a number of technical requirements for customer installations that cover aspects such as fault ride-through capability, reactive power provision, protection systems and settings, power quality, communication and data exchange, metering and monitoring, documentation and testing, and others. These requirements aim to ensure the security and reliability of the medium voltage grid, to facilitate the integration of distributed energy resources, to harmonize the technical requirements across Germany, and to comply with the European standards and regulations.
VDE-AR-N 4110 also requires that generator operators must comply with it and obtain a certification that proves their compliance for their power generating plants. A power generating plant is a facility that produces electrical energy from renewable or conventional sources. The compliance process and the certification options depend on the type and size of the power generating plant.
VDE-AR-N 4110 is available for purchase as a digital or printed version from the official website of VDE. To download it as a PDF document, you need to register and login to the VDE website, search and select it from the online shop of VDE, pay for your order by credit card, PayPal or bank transfer, and download it from your personal account.
FAQs
What is VDE?VDE is the Association for Electrical, Electronic & Information Technologies, a German organization that develops standards, guidelines, and application rules for the electrical and information technology sectors. VDE also provides testing, certification, and consulting services for electrical products and systems.
What is the difference between VDE-AR-N 4110 and VDE-AR-N 4105?
VDE-AR-N 4110 and VDE-AR-N 4105 are both application rules that specify the technical connection rules for customer installations in Germany. However, VDE-AR-N 4110 applies to customer installations that are connected to the medium voltage grid (from 1 kV to 60 kV), while VDE-AR-N 4105 applies to customer installations that are connected to the low voltage grid (up to 1 kV).
What are the benefits of complying with VDE-AR-N 4110?
Complying with VDE-AR-N 4110 has several benefits for customer installations, such as:
Ensuring the safety and reliability of the installation and the grid
Facilitating the integration of distributed energy resources
Harmonizing the technical requirements across Germany
Complying with the European standards and regulations
Enabling a more efficient use of the grid capacity
Supporting the grid stability and resilience
Fostering the innovation and competitiveness of the energy sector
How can I get a certification for my power generating plant?
To get a certification for your power generating plant, you need to follow these steps:
Determine the type of your power generating module (A, B, C, or D) based on its rated capacity and impact on the grid
Select the certification option that suits your power generating module (self-declaration, unit certificate, type certificate, or project certificate)
Contact an accredited certification body that can issue the certification for your power generating module
Provide the necessary documentation and information about your power generating module and your grid connection point
Conduct the grid code compliance studies and simulations that are required for your power generating module
Obtain the certification document from the certification body that verifies your compliance with VDE-AR-N 4110
How much does it cost to download VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document?
The cost of downloading VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document depends on the format and quantity you order. The table below shows the current prices of VDE-AR-N 4110 PDF document as of June 2023:
Format Quantity Price --- --- --- Digital 1 copy 1,050.00 Digital 2 copies 1,575.00 Digital 3 copies 2,100.00 Printed 1 copy 1,050.00 Printed 2 copies 1,575.00 Printed 3 copies 2,100.00 Digital + Printed 1 copy each 1,260.00 Digital + Printed 2 copies each 1,890.00 Digital + Printed 3 copies each 2,520.00 Note: These prices are subject to change and do not include VAT or shipping costs. 44f88ac181
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